Немного про .NET Framework и .NET Core [плюс полезные ссылки]
Привет, Хабр! Версия ASP.NET Core основана на проектной модели .NET Core, которая поддерживает создание кросс-платформенных приложений в ОС Windows, Mac и Linux. При реализации проекта .NET Core вы также можете выбрать вариант .NET для своего приложения: .NET Framework (CLR), .NET Core (CoreCLR) или Mono. Какой вариант .NET подойдет вам? Кратко рассмотрим плюсы и минусы каждого и поделимся классными курсами по платформам.
.NET Framework
.NET Framework — самая популярная и эффективная среда разработки из всех перечисленных выше. .NET Framework — это зрелая и полнофункциональная платформа, которая поставляется вместе с Windows. Экосистему .NET Framework разработчики используют уже много лет. Она поддерживает разработку современных приложений и обладает высочайшей совместимостью с существующими приложениями и библиотеками.
.NET Framework работает только на Windows. Кроме того, это монолитный компонент с множеством API и длительным циклом выпуска. Хотя код .NET Framework доступен для просмотра, эта платформа не является проектом с открытым исходным кодом.
Полезные ссылки по .NET Framework
Курсы:
Advanced .NET Threading
В этом курсе из серии по продвинутому .NET threading вы сможете изучить основы многопоточного программирования, а также получить информацию о том, что такое потоки, как они работают и как они взаимодействуют.
A Guide to Object-Oriented Practices
Если вы разработчик, который начал изучать объектно-ориентированные методы, и вам нужно больше примеров их применения, этот курс для вас! Исследуйте encapsulation, inheritance, interfaces и многое другое.
Developing Intelligent Bots from Zero to Hero
В этом курсе вы узнаете, как создавать, разрабатывать, отлаживать и развертывать ботов, используя Bot Builder SDK (.NET), Azure Bot Service и Azure Cognitive Services.
Официальная документация по .NET Framework:
.NET Core
.NET Core — это модульная реализация библиотеки и среды выполнения, в состав которой входит поднабор .NET Framework. .NET Core работает на Windows, Mac и Linux. Версия состоит из коллекции библиотек СoreFX и небольшой оптимизированной среды выполнения CoreCLR. .NET Core — проект с открытым исходным кодом, поэтому вы можете наблюдать за его развитием и поддерживать его на GitHub.
В чем разница между NetFramework и NetCore
При попытке подключить библиотеку к uwp приложению получил вот такое предупреждение: «Проект предназначен для «.NetCore», в то время как ссылка файла предназначена для «.NetFramework»» 
Вроде, и то платформа, и то платформа, так в чем разница, зачем их две и возможна ли связь между ними (подключать одно к другому и наоборот)?
.NET Framework — это старая платформа, работающая только под Windows.
.NET Core — это новая платформа, которая может работать как под Windows, так и под Linux. Но она еще довольно «сырая» — множество инструментов еще не перенесены на нее.
Подключить одно к другому не получится, потому что у них разные системные библиотеки (а также разные системы сборки если вы используете Visual Studio версии 2015 или ниже).
Кроме них, есть еще платформы:
Mono — может работать как под Windows, так и под Linux. Пытается быть совместимой с .NET Framework.
UWP — платформа для написания Windows-приложений, использующих WinRT. Не знаю про совместимость с .NET Framework.
Silverlight — старая платформа (застряла примерно на уровне .NET 4.5), предназначенная для работы в браузере (вроде java-апплетов). Не так давно была серьезно ранена гуглом, который перестал поддерживать NPAPI в своем Хроме. Не совместима с .NET Framework.
.NET Compart Framework — несовместимая вариация .NET Framework для Windows CE. Сейчас находится на той же свалке, куда был выброшен Windows CE.
Unity — форк Mono, платформа для написания графических (в том числе 3D) приложений. Есть вариант встраивания в браузер (не работает в Хроме из-за отказа от NPAPI в Хроме работает благодаря технологии Web Assembly).
PCL (Portable Class Library) — общее подмножество разных версий .NET Framework, UWP и Silverlight. Совместима с ними в одну сторону (PCL-библиотеку можно использовать на перечисленных платформах).
.NET Standard — новая реинкарнация PCL. От PCL отличается подходом к версионированию: если для PCL разработчик библиотеки выбирает список поддерживаемых платформ, то для .NET Standard выбирается версия стандарта (а для платформ известно какие версии ими поддерживаются).
Top Differences between .NET Core and .NET Framework
The .NET Core vs .NET framework discourse highlights the key differences between the two. At the end of this post, you’ll realize why you even need to choose and determine which one is better suited for your project.
Going into the .NET ecosystem without ample background can be like being in a maze. You may begin in the right direction, but eventually, you come to a dead end. If you’re aware of what.NET Framework is and what is .NET Core is, then you’ll know how to navigate the maze.
.NET Core is a free, open-source, cross-platform framework used for developing cloud-based software applications on Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems using the MIT and Apache 2 license. You can use it to build different types of apps like mobile, web, desktop, cloud, game, IoT, microservices, machine learning, etc.
.NET Core runs across multiple platforms and has been updated to make .NET fast and scalable. It’s a successor to .NET Framework and it was developed by Microsoft employees through the .NET Foundation.
Practically written from scratch, .NET Core includes the fundamental features required to operate a basic .NET Core app. Its other features are offered as NuGet packages that you can integrate into your app as needed. This allows the .NET Core app to reduce the memory footprint and speed up the performance.
What is .NET Framework?
.NET framework is a software development platform designed and developed by Microsoft for building Windows applications and web services. It covers a massive .NET Framework Class Library which includes classes, value types, and interfaces that provide access to system functionality.
.NET Framework features a Runtime software environment executed in a Common Language Runtime which is a virtual machine component that makes the development process easier. The framework also supports language interoperability across several programming languages like C# and Visual Basic. To be precise, .NET Framework supports at least 60 programming languages, including 11 that were designed and developed by Microsoft.
What is .NET Core Best Suited For?
Use .NET Core when your app needs to run across multiple platforms.
Given the fact that .NET Core is portable and runnable on virtually any platform, you have several hosting models and you can easily switch from one platform to another if your business model requires it.
Use .NET Core for building microservice applications.
Microservices (a.k.a. microservices architecture) are software applications composed of small, modular business services. They are a cloud-native architectural approach wherein a single application is comprised of several loosely coupled components or services that can be deployed independently.
Use .NET Core when working with Docker containers.
Since it’s lightweight and modular, the framework works remarkably well with containers. We’ve singled out Docker because it’s ‘best in class’ in the container niche since it homogenised the container format. Docker made it easy to move containers from one host to another. This, in turn, made testing and deployment plain and simple. With .NET Core, you can deploy server apps cross-platform to Docker containers.
Use .NET Core if you’re after heightened security.
Security these days are of paramount importance. Having your app exposed over the Internet is a major risk and protecting it must be a top priority. With modern architectures, microservices, and REST APIs, looking at security in the traditional manner won’t suffice anymore. Luckily, .NET Core offers a variety of tools for authorization, authentication, and attack prevention.
For instance, you can use Data Protection API and Secret Manager to protect data, generate keys and rotate keys. You can even build on top of these APIs to cover the business aspects you need to secure. As for authentication, .NET Core allows you to integrate your app with major external providers.
Use .NET Core if you have scalable and high-performance system needs.
Microsoft suggests using .NET Core with ASP.NET Core for optimum performance and scale. This proves extremely useful when hundreds of microservices can be used, and you’ll only need fewer servers and virtual machines. The scalability and efficiency gained will eventually translate to cost savings and improved user experience.
What is .NET Framework Best Suited For?
Use .NET Framework if you’re using third-party libraries or NuGet packages that are unavailable in .NET Core.
You’ll have to settle with .NET Framework if you are using libraries that are incompatible with .NET Core. NuGet is the free package manager for .NET and other development platforms of Microsoft. It is designed to allow developers to create and share useful .NET libraries, and also to share reusable code. It is available as a Visual Studio extension.
Use .NET Framework if you’re working with technologies that are not yet available in .NET Core.
.NET Core doesn’t support all technologies in the .NET Framework ecosystem. Such technologies include app domains, code access security (CAS), and remoting. Others include the following:
- Security transparency
- EnterpriseServices (COM+)
- Saving assemblies generated by the System.Reflection.Emit APIs
- Assemblies that consist of multiple modules
- Workflow related services including Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) and Windows Communication Foundation (WCF)
Use .NET Framework if you want to build and release something fast
If you are a .NET developer who doesn’t have time to learn the intricacies of .NET Core, then .NET Framework is your best bet .NET Core entails a learning curve. NET Framework is also your choice if you are maintaining and/or upgrading existing .NET applications. Note that porting a .NET app to a .NET Core app needs some time and effort.
So, in the .NET Core and .Net Framework debate, which one wins? Given the information discussed above, we hope you gain a better understanding of what is .NET Framework and what is .NET Core. But which one should you choose for your next project?
Well, there are several factors to consider. Moreover, technologies are evolving and new innovations are being introduced on a regular basis. For example, .NET 5 was officially introduced by Microsoft in November 2020. It is capable of running on multiple platforms, including Android and iOS. Its launch solved a number of problems with the .NET ecosystem, which is good news for future software development.
Strictly speaking, the differences between .NET Core and .NET Framework are increasingly becoming academic with each passing day. No worries though, JhavTech can help you in practical matters. We have software developers who work with multiple frameworks and can cater to specific needs for your business.
.NET Core vs .NET Framework
In this article, we are going to learn about .NET Core and .NET Framework. We will walk you through the following topics: What is .NET Core, What is .NET Framework, Key differences between .NET Core and .NET Framework, the difference between .NET Core and .NET Framework, Pros and Cons of .NET Core, Pros and Cons of .NET Framework, .NET Core vs .NET Framework-Which is better, and many more frequently asked questions about .NET Core and .NET Framework like Is .NET Core replacing .NET Framework, Why .NET Core is faster than .NET Framework, When Not to use .NET Core, When not to run .NET Framework. At the end of this article, you will understand the fundamentals of the .NET Core and .NET Framework.
What is .NET Core?
.NET Core is the latest version of Microsoft’s .NET Framework( The framework is a reusable design platform for software systems, which provides support for code libraries and various scripting languages ), which is a free, open-source, general-purpose programming platform. It’s a cross-platform framework that works with Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.The.NET Core Framework may be used to create a variety of apps, including mobile, desktop, online, cloud, IoT, machine learning, microservices, games, and more. .NET Core is written from scratch to make it a modular, lightweight, fast, and cross-platform Framework.
The.NET Foundation, a non-profit open-source organization, manages.NET Core, which was developed by Microsoft. The MIT license applies to.NET Core, which is written in C# and C++. .NET Core 1.0, the first version, was released in 2016 with restricted features. On August 14, 2017, Microsoft released.NET Core 2.0. The latest version of.NET Core is 3.0.0, which was released on March 6.
Confused about your next job?
What is .NET Framework?
Before understanding .NET Framework let’s understand what is Framework. The framework is a reusable design platform for software systems, which provides support for code libraries and various scripting languages In simple words a framework is something that makes core programming easy. Microsoft’s Net Framework is a software development platform for building and running Windows applications.Net framework includes developer tools, programming languages, and libraries that are used to develop desktop and web applications. It is also used to build websites, web services, and games.
The Dot Net Framework was designed to let developers construct programs that would operate on Microsoft’s Windows platform and dot net framework applications are multi-platform applications. The framework has been decided in such a way that it can be used from any of the following languages: c#, c++, Visual Basic, JScript, COBOL, etc. In the year 2002, the initial version of the dot Net framework was launched. Dot Net Framework 1.0 was the name of the version. Since then, the Microsoft dot Net framework has evolved significantly, and the most recent version is dot Net Framework 4.7.2 that is released on April 30, 2018.
Key Differences
Now we have a complete idea about what .NET Core and .NET Framework are. so let’s go through the key differences between .NET Core and .NET Framework. Basically, Microsoft .NET Core is a free, open-source, general-purpose development platform to build cloud-based software applications on Windows, Linux, and macOS whereas Microsoft’s .Net Framework is a software development platform for building and running Windows applications.Net framework that includes developer tools, programming languages, and libraries that are used to develop desktop and web applications. The key difference between .NET Core and .NET Framework is a platform for .NET applications on Windows whereas, NET Core is the latest version of the .NET Framework which is a cross-platform and open-source framework optimized for modern app needs and developer workflows.
.NET Core vs .NET Framework
| Basis | .NET Core | .NET Framework |
| Platform or Framework | When we talk about .NET Core it is defined as the platform on which frameworks like ASP.NET Core and the Universal Windows Platform rely and extend the .NET Core platform’s functionalities. | .Net Framework is a full-fledged development framework. The framework provides all the basic requirements for the development of applications such as UI, DB connectivity, services, APIs, etc. |
| Open-Source | .NET Core is an open-source platform. | The.Net Framework includes certain open-source components. |
| Cross-Platform | It is based on the concept of “create once, run anywhere.” Because it is cross-platform, it is compatible with a variety of operating systems, including Windows, Linux, and Mac OS. | .NET Framework is compatible with Windows OS(operating system) only |
| Application models | The Application Model of .Net Core includes ASP.NET and windows universal apps. | The Application Model of the .NET Framework includes WinForms, ASP.NET, and WPF. |
| Installation | .Net Core is cross-platform, hence it needs to be installed independently. | .NET Framework has a single packaged installation and runtime environment for windows. |
| Microservices support | .NET Core has support for microservices. , NET Core allows a mix of technologies that can be minimalized for each microservice. | When we talk about the .NET Framework it does not allow for the construction and deployment of microservices in multiple languages. |
| REST services support | .NET Core has no support for WCF( Windows Communication Foundation ) services. You would always need to create a REST API. | When it comes to WCF (Windows Communication Foundation) services, the.NET Framework is a fantastic choice. It also works with RESTful services. |
| Performance and Scalability | .NET core provides high scalability and performance compared to .NET Framework because of its architecture. | .NET Framework is less scalable and provides low performance compared to .NET Core. |
| Security | Feature such as Code Access Security is not present in .NET core so .NET Framework does have the edge in that case. | .NET Framework has this feature called code access security. |
| Focus on devices | .NET Core focuses to develop apps in a variety of domains like gaming, mobile, IoT, AI, etc. | .NET Framework is limited to Windows OS. |
| Compatibility | Mobile.NET Core is compatible with various operating systems-Windows, Linux, and Mac OS. | On the other .NET Framework is only compatible with Windows OS. |
| Mobile Development | Mobile apps are becoming more important for businesses. .NET Core has some support for mobile apps. It’s compatible with Xamarin and other open-source platforms for mobile applications. | On the other hand, the .NET Framework does not support their development at all, and that is a problem. |
| CLI Tools | For all platforms,.NET Core provides a very lightweight CLI( Command Line Interface). There’s always the option of switching to an IDE. | .NET Framework is too heavy for CLI. some developers prefer working on CLI rather than on IDE. |
| Deployment Model | When a new version of.NET Core is installed, it is updated on one computer at a time, resulting in new directories/folders being created in the existing program without affecting it. As a result,.NET Core provides a solid and adaptable deployment model. | IDE In the case of .NET Framework, when the updated version is released it is first deployed on the internet information service only. |
| Packaging and shipping | .NET Core is shipped as a collection of Nuggets packages. | All the libraries of the .NET Framework are packed and shipped together. |
NET Core Vs .NET Framework – Which is Better?
The answer to this question depends on the project requirement, and what our project demands so here are some points that we have to consider to choose best for our project out of the .NET Framework and .NET Core.
Prefer or choose .NET Core if
- The project demands cross-platform integration.
- The project requires the development of microservices.
- The project relies heavily on CLI( Command Line Interface) as .NET Core is suitable for CLI.
Prefer or choose .NET Framework if
- Applications are already running on .NET Framework.
- The Applications require technologies like workflow, webforms, or WCF that are not present in .NET Core.
- Applications are built to run on Windows alone.
Conclusion
By now, we have a good understanding of what .NET Core and .NET Framework are, even though they go hand in hand. In simple terms, .NET Core is the latest version of Microsoft’s .NET Framework( The framework is a reusable design platform for software systems, which provides support for code libraries and various scripting languages ), which is a free, open-source, general-purpose programming platform. It’s a cross-platform framework that works with Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux.The.NET Core Framework may be used to create a variety of apps, including mobile, desktop, online, cloud, IoT, machine learning, microservices, games, and more. .NET Core is written from scratch to make it a modular, lightweight, fast, and cross-platform Framework Whereas, Microsoft’s Net Framework is a software development platform for building and running Windows applications.Net framework includes developer tools, programming languages, and libraries that are used to develop desktop and web applications. It is also used to build websites, web services, and games. The Dot Net Framework was designed to let developers construct programs that would operate on Microsoft’s Windows platform and dot net framework applications are multi-platform applications.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is the .NET core replacing the .NET framework?
The answer to this question is no as the .NET Core and .NET Framework both have their cons and pros that we discussed earlier and we should choose between them according to the project needs.
Why .Net core is faster than the .NET framework?
.NET Core is faster than .NET Framework because the architecture of .NET Core is written or restructured from scratch to make it a modular, lightweight, fast, and cross-platform Framework.