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README.md

Checked C adds static and dynamic checking to C to detect or prevent common programming errors such as buffer overruns and out-of-bounds memory accesses. The goal of the project is to improve systems programming by making fundamental improvements to C. This repo contains sample code, the extension specification, and test code.

• For a quick overview of Checked C, more information, and pointers to example code, see our Wiki.
• The PDF of the specification is available here.
• Compilers are available here.
• The Checked C clang repo is here.
• The instructions to build and test the Checked C compiler are documented on the Checked C clang wiki.

Publications and Presentations

We presented a research paper on Checked C at the IEEE 2018 Cybersecurity Development Conference: «Checked C: Making C Safe by Extension». The paper describes the key ideas of Checked C in 8 pages. Note that we have added features to Checked C for improving type safety (and reducing type confusion) since writing the paper. The Wiki and specification provide up-to-date descriptions of Checked C.

We presented another paper on Checked C at the 2019 Principles of Security and Trust Conference: «Achieving Safety Incrementally With Checked C». This paper describes a tool for converting existing C code to use Ptr types. It also proves a blame property about checked regions that shows that checked regions are blameless for any memory corruption. This proof is formalized for a core subset of the language extension.

We presented a poster at the LLVM Dev Meeting 2019: «Overflows Be Gone: Checked C for Memory Safety». The poster provides an introduction to Checked C, outlines the compiler implementation and presents an experimental evaluation of Checked C.

We presented a talk (slides) at the 2020 LLVM Virtual Dev Meeting: «Checked C: Adding memory safety support to LLVM». The talk describes the design of bounds annotations for checked pointers and array pointers as well as the framework for the static checking of the soundness of bounds. We also briefly describe novel algorithms to automatically widen bounds for null-terminated arrays and for comparison of expressions for equivalence.

We’re happy to have the help! You can contribute by trying out Checked C, reporting bugs, and giving us feedback. There are other ways to contribute too. You can watch the announcement page for announcements about the project.

The software in this repository is covered by the MIT license. See the file LICENSE.TXT for the license. The Checked C specification is made available by Microsoft under the OpenWeb Foundation Final Specification Agreement, version 1.0. Contributions of code to the Checked LLVM/clang repos are subject to the CLANG/LLVM licensing terms.

Code of conduct

This project has adopted the Microsoft Open Source Code of Conduct. For more information see the Code of Conduct FAQ or contact opencode@microsoft.com with any additional questions or comments.

About

Checked C is an extension to C that lets programmers write C code that is guaranteed by the compiler to be type-safe. The goal is to let people easily make their existing C code type-safe and eliminate entire classes of errors. Checked C does not address use-after-free errors. This repo has a wiki for Checked C, sample code, the specification, a…

Diego Pacheco Tech blog

When I start on IT, several years ago(+15), C was the first language that I learned. But was not the first language I mastered and deployed in production which was. surprisingly Visual Basic 6.0. However, when I learned C or any language back on that old and arcane time noddy was into testing. However now is impossible to work professionally in any language without tests. C is a low-level language but still kicks ass and has several interesting libs/frameworks. People use to fear C a lot because of lack of syntactical sugar but once you get used to it is not that hard at all. Today I want to show how you can do Unit Testing with C. I will not show how to do Unit Testing with C++ but with C ANSI actually. We will be using Check a unit test lib for C ANSI.

Installing Check on Ubuntu

Currently, I run ubuntu 18.04 LTS on my laptop. So, first of all, let’s install check on our machine.

Once you still check now we can get down to the code.

We will create the following directory structure. Please create these folders and touch this files.

Creating the Header file

We will build a simple Calculator solution in order to try out unit tests with Check. So if you are not familiar with OOP like programming in C you can check this out first. Our calculator will be pretty basic we will do basic arithmetic functions. So let’s get started with the header file(calc.h).

Here we have a type definition(typedef) Calc which represents a Calculator. Here we basically have function pointers to all math operations(also known as methods) outside of the «Object» Struct we have the constructor and destructor for the type. Right now we have the header file and then we can move to the implementation.

Creating Implementation

Let’s move to the C implementation code. Let’s look the calc.c file.

Here we have the basic math operations and the destructor which pretty much calls free to release memory. We also have the constructor(newCalc) method which is responsible for creating the Struct instance in memory but also to link the function pointer to the concrete implementations.

Coding the Tests

Now we can move to the Unit Test. We will need to do 2 things here. First of all, we will need to create the uni tests that we want and then we will need to set up a test case and run the tests with the main function in C. Let’s go.

Here we have the tests on the function: test_new_calc. There are some start and end tests macros here as well. We create a new calc instance and apply assertions like in any other language.

Finally, we need to set up the test suite e and run the tests. Basically, we create a test suite and we add your tests to the suite. If I want I could add more tests and I would not need more runners.

Running the Tests

Before running the tests we need a simple script in order to properly link the tests(we need the link with check framework) then we need run and also delete the tests binary file. Few free to discard my script and use Makefile straight if you like.

Check

August 7, 2020: Check 0.15.2 is now available for download. Check is available under the LGPL license. New features available in this release are listed on the NEWS page.

About Project

What is Check?

Check is a unit testing framework for C. It features a simple interface for defining unit tests, putting little in the way of the developer. Tests are run in a separate address space, so both assertion failures and code errors that cause segmentation faults or other signals can be caught. Test results are reportable in the following: Subunit, TAP, XML, and a generic logging format.

Supported Platforms

Check works on many UNIX compatible environments, such as GNU/Linux, GNU/Hurd, BSD, and Mac OSX. Windows support is available through the Cygwin, MinGW, and MinGW-w64 platforms, as well as with MSVC using Visual Studios or CMake/NMake. If Check is compiled on a platform with some POSIX functions unavailable (such as fork), Check will disable the related features but still remain functional. Look at the Install page for installation instructions per platform.

Support

Questions are accepted on the mailing list check-users AT lists.sourceforge.net and bugs and feature requests can be submitted via the Github page here.

Contributing

The authors welcome any and all help with Check, whether through enhancement requests, bug reports, patches, or documentation. Please visit the Check project page.

Patches to Check, unless trivial, should be against the master branch, and should include a full set of unit tests verifying the new behavior. No functionality goes into Check without unit tests, and submitting a merge request without automated testing will delay potential acceptable of the patch.

The latest Check source can be browsed here or retrieved with git using the following:

Ключевые слова checked и unchecked

В C# имеется специальное средство, связанное с генерированием исключений, возникающих при переполнении в арифметических вычислениях. Как известно, результаты некоторых видов арифметических вычислений могут превышать диапазон представления чисел для типа данных, используемого в вычислении. В этом случае происходит так называемое переполнение.

В C# допускается указывать, будет ли в коде сгенерировано исключение при переполнении, с помощью ключевых слов checked и unchecked. Так, если требуется указать, что выражение будет проверяться на переполнение, следует использовать ключевое слово checked, а если требуется проигнорировать переполнение — ключевое слово unchecked. В последнем случае результат усекается, чтобы не выйти за пределы диапазона представления чисел для целевого типа выражения.

У ключевого слова checked имеются две общие формы. В одной форме проверяется конкретное выражение, и поэтому она называется операторной. А в другой форме проверяется блок операторов, и поэтому она называется блочной. Ниже приведены обе формы:

где выражение обозначает проверяемое выражение. Если вычисление проверяемого выражения приводит к переполнению, то генерируется исключение OverflowException.

У ключевого слова unchecked также имеются две общие формы. В первой, операторной форме переполнение игнорируется при вычислении конкретного выражения. А во второй, блочной форме оно игнорируется при выполнении блока операторов:

где выражение обозначает конкретное выражение, при вычислении которого переполнение игнорируется. Если же в непроверяемом выражении происходит переполнение, то результат его вычисления усекается.

Давайте проиллюстрируем вышесказанное примером:

Потребность в применении ключевого слова checked или unchecked может возникнуть, в частности, потому, что по умолчанию проверяемое или непроверяемое состояние переполнения определяется путем установки соответствующего параметра компилятора и настройки самой среды выполнения. Поэтому в некоторых программах состояние переполнения лучше проверять явным образом.