Dsm 7 как разархивировать pat

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Synology DSM 7, как переустановить?

Вопрос задан 21 июн. 2021
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DSM 7 to DSM 6 downgrade (unofficial and unsupported)

Luka Manestar

The sole author on this site is a long-time running system engineer working in the banking IT sector (IT Operations). Passionate about Mac, NAS/SAN, virtualization, and Docker environments.

Luka Manestar

DSM 7 to DSM 6 downgrade (unofficial and unsupported)

Update to the new 7.1 beta version can only be done from version 7.0.1, but if you want to downgrade all the way back to DSM 6.2.4 from 7.1, you can. There is no need to downgrade first to 7.0.1 before going to DSM 6.

If you are not familiar with Synology and their DSM OS it would be good to know that when it comes to updates, there is only one official way, forward. Meaning you can’t downgrade DSM back to previous versions.

Now, this is not entirely true as there was an unofficial way to downgrade that is still valid but I can’t stress enough how much this is NOT officially supported, and that you should do this only if absolutely necessary.

General idea

The main goal here is to get your NAS into a state that will allow you to install the version of DSM6 that you had installed before going to DSM7 (beta or not).

DSM 6 version in question here will be 6.2.4-2556.

To make this happen the general principle was always the same. Get into your NAS via telnet command on port 23 to fake its VERSION file. For this to happen your NAS should be in the migratable state so that you can plant a «fake» PAT file (DSM OS install file) that will initiate an error during the installation. As a result, port 23 will be open, and the action begins.

Let’s see how to make this all happen.

STEP 01 — Backup!

Do NOT skip this step!

Be sure to backup all important data on your currently working DSM7 setup. This includes data, Docker configuration, DSM configuration, app settings, etc.

Best to use Hyper Backup for your data, and Configuration backup DSM option for everything else.

Be sure to backup your DSM settings (users, shared folders settings, permissions and more)

STEP 02 — SSH and connect as root

Activate SSH access if it’s not already by using Control Panel > Terminal & SNMP section. Check the SSH box and hit Apply.

Activate SSH

Now that you have SSH access it is time to access your NAS as root . Open up PUTTY or a similar tool and SSH into your NAS like so:

Enter your account password and you should be logged into your NAS as your DSM account. Now it’s time to elevate to root privileges to make the changes that we need.

Type sudo -i and then your account password once more. Now you should be logged as root indicated by a similar command prompt

# (name after @ will be the name of your NAS)

Using the VI editor in the command line

Before moving forward, for all you out there that are not familiar with the vi editor, here are a few examples of the commands that you will be using and what they do:

i — insert/edit mode
ESC — exit insert/edit mode
:wq — save changes and quit
:q! — quit without saving changes

STEP 03 — modifying VERSION file (take 1)

Enter the following command to edit the VERSION file:

You will get the following output:

Change this current block with the following one (notice that we are going all the way to DSM 6.2.2 version) by pressing the i letter on your keyboard to enter INSERT mode.

In order to save use this process:

Press the ESC key and then type in :wq and hit the RETURN key on your keyboard. This will save the changes and quit the editor.

Now that you have made the changes, shut down your NAS and boot it up again.

STEP 04 — Synology Assistant and fake PAT

Download the Synology Assistant app from the Synology Support site (for any NAS model they are all the same) for your desktop PC OS.

Run the Assistant and let it detect the NAS on the network:

As you will notice, the version is still DSM 7 (41222 beta in this case) but the status of the NAS has changed to Migratable, this is what we want. Connect to the IP address that it is registering.

You will land on the DSM7 wizard (Welcome Back!) page similar to this one:

Click the Install button to move forward. You will have two options now:

Considering that you have done step01 (you did right?!) I will select the second option, Reset system configuration. This will wipe my DSM settings that I will later restore using the exported configuration.

Now comes the fun part. The next step will ask for the DSM OS PAT installation file. Considering that you are still on DSM7, you will not be able to just give the wizard a DSM6 file and hope for the best, no, you will have to give it a fake DSM7 file.

Create a fake DSM7 PAT file

The PAT file that you have used to install DSM7 in the first place will not be used in this case, but rather any file (it can be a text file) that you will just name as a DSM7 installation file.

So make a file or use any file (txt, MP3) and give it a name DSM_VirtualDSM_41222.pat

Now use that file in the next wizard step:

Browse to that fake file and click the Next button to apply it.

If you got the following error, you are on the right track. Simply click OK to get back to the previous screen.

STEP 05 — Telnet into your NAS and edit the VERSION file (take 2)

Now open up a telnet client of your choice (like Windows CMD line for example or any other that you might have) and log into your NAS as root .

To access your NAS via telnet now use this:

telnet NASIPaddress 23

For credentials, use root for username and 101-0101 for the password. If you have typed all correctly, you should be in the command line.

Now we will just edit the VERSION file one more time with a different set of settings than in step 02.

Use vi /etc.defaults/VERSION command one more time to get into the VERSION file.

You will notice that the file has been restored to the initial DSM7 values. Now replace the following block:

As you can see there are some more parameters in this one. Save the VERSION file and exit the editor as before using the ESC + :wq combination.

At this moment use the Synology Assistant again to «scan» for changes. Your NAS should be now listed as running with DSM 6.2.2 version:

Finally, one more thing remains.

STEP 06 — Install DSM 6 version

Now that our NAS «thinks» that it is running DSM 6.2.2.xxxx, we can update ti to any version above that version to the last major version of DSM6, in this case, that will be DSM 6.2.4.

Download the 6.2.4 version from the Synology support site for your NAS, and get back into the installation wizard page from step 04 where we got an error.

Point to the DSM 6.2.4 version and hit Next.

The installation should continue and after some time, you will be back in DSM6.

Wait for the installation to complete and your NAS to reboot. Once that is done, log into your NAS, create your account, and restore all the settings and data.

Conclusion

As I said already, this is the same general principle that hasn’t changed since DSM4. As long as you get into your NAS via port 23 and edit the VERSION file correctly, you should be fine.

Still, one more time, this is an unsupported (by Synology) method of downgrading your NAS. Use this only, and only if you have no other option for whatever reason.

Good luck and you are welcome to comment on the topic if you have any suggestions, questions, or comments.

How to install a .PAT file on Synology NAS

Synology DSM 7.0

A .PAT file is used by Synology for its network-attached storage operating system, Synology DiskStation Manager. OS updates (and previous versions to DSM 7.0) can be installed onto a NAS enclosure manually by uploading the necessary .PAT file.

What is a .PAT file?

A .PAT file is used by Synology NAS enclosures for DiskStation Manager (DSM), the operating system. The package has all the necessary files contained within for the NAS to install or update the OS, but you can’t just extract or run it on your PC. There are two ways to install a .PAT file, one being through the NAS itself and the other using the Synology Assistant.

How to install a .PAT file

Using a .PAT file supplied by Synology, it’s possible for enclosure owners to manually update their servers to run specific versions of the OS. Here’s how to quickly install a .PAT file on a Synology NAS. Please be sure to back up your NAS before proceeding.

Log into your NAS.
Go to Control Panel > Update & Restore > Manual DSM Update.
Click Browse and select the downloaded DSM .PAT file.
Click OK to update DSM.

Depending on the OS version you’re currently using, the NAS enclosure should spend a few minutes updating the system. If you’d prefer to use Synology Assistant, download the tool from the company’s website and run it to connect to your enclosure and run the install process.

Установка Synology / Xpenology на ПК. DSM 7.1

Внимательно смотрите что выдает консоль в результате ввода команд, возможно там будут ошибки или предупреждения. Каждую команду нужно подтверждать вводом Y
Обновляем загрузчик до последней версии:

Считываем и подставляем в конфиг VID и PID флешки

Считываем и подставляем в конфиг структуру Sata контроллеров

Генерируем и подставляем в конфиг случайные sn и mac. Если хотите использовать например DS3615xs, укажите это вместо DS920+

Запускаем генерацию загрузчика. Перечень доступных систем:

Читать:

Как скачать с интернета

Выберите какую версию хотите установить используя команду

Затем создайте загрузчик

В новой версии загрузчика используется следующая команда

Бэкапим созданную конфигурацию (только если USB накопитель больше 4 ГБ)

После перезагрузки проверьте чтобы система загружалась в нормальном режиме
Режим Tity Core Image Build это режим для управления загрузчиком. К нему вернемся немного позже

Установка системы

В нормальном режиме система грузится со следующей информацией на вывод

Скачиваем Synology Assistant для поиска устройства в локальной сети
Выполняем поиск в локальной сети. Если устройство найдено, увидите что то в этом роде

Скачиваем pat файл для установки. Если загрузчик подготавливали для DS920+, то и файл скачиваем для DS920+
По старой привычке я отключал интернет от Synology (именно кабель провайдера от роутера, не Synology от роутера). Если не хотите заворачиваться, попробуйте не отключать
Далее выбираем файл pat и следуем инструкции установщика
Ждем 10 мин, затем система перезагрузится. Снова с помощью Synology Assistant ищем девайс в сети
Обязательно отключите автоматические обновления

Устройство готово к работе

Проблемы и их решение

Проблема 1. Загрузчик автоматически не распознает новые HDD
Я подключил только один HDD во время установки системы, остальные HDD не распознались.
Варианты решения:
1. Не отключайте HDD во время установки системы
2. Пересоздать загрузчик

Загружаемся снова в режиме Tity Core Image Build
После появления интерфейса загрузчика переходим в Terminal, затем вводим команду ifconfig и нажимаем Enter
Запоминаем IP что получили от роутера по DHCP
Запускаем Putty и вводим IP что был выдан на прошлом шаге. Протокол для подключения SSH
Перечень команд которые вводим по очереди:
Логин: tc
Пароль: [email protected]

В Synology отобразятся все HDD что подключены к материнской плате

Проблема 2: Synology не видится в локальной сети после создания загрузчика
Решение:

Возвращаемся к Работа с загрузчиком
Вместо команды ./rploader.sh serialgen DS920+ realmac используем ./rploader.sh serialgen DS920+ now
Дальше все согласно мануалу

Старая версия Synology 6.2

Также рассмотрите возможность покупки белого SN для максимальной производительности вашего Xpenology